The Causes and Effects of Whaling

The Causes and Effects of Whaling 1 The Causes and Effects of Whaling Whale is the current name for diverse marine mammals of the order Cetacea, having the general shape of a fish with forelimbs modified as fins, a tail with level flukes, and one or two blowholes on top of the head. (â€Å"Whale†, 2010). Whaling dates back to prehistoric times, but it became an important industry in the nineteenth century. Whales have been hunted for meat or made into lighting oil.Until the international injunction on commercially hunting whales was enacted in 1982 by International Whaling Commission (effective from 1986), some species were seriously endangered. Although commercial whaling was forbidden, several countries were unwilling to follow it such as Norway and Japan. They developed whaling industry for the sake of economic benefits and because the cost is low with free marine resources. But whaling has serious effects on both the environment as well as the society. Japanese are the lea ding whale hunters at present, now we use Japan as a typical example and we will mainly talk about Japan’s whaling.Commercial whaling is lucrative, the prosperous fishing industry in Japan also affects the economic interests of other industries such as tourism and Catering Industry. This is the first reason why Japan insists on whaling. According to a statistics of Japan's Institute of Cetacean Research in 2000, the production of whale meat in Japan is 2849 tons, and the whale skin is 1051 tons. The revenue generated by whaling activities is more than US$32 million each year. Whaling What’s more, Japan has natural and vast amount of marine resources.The 2 whaling industry was also driven by the free marine resources. Japan was facing the pressure from public opinion especially the West about hunting whales unrestrictedly and excessively. But why Japan was still persisting in whaling? The most significant reason comes to my mind is cultural conflict. Put it this way, Ja panese hate the way Europe and the United States imposes their values to them. They feel unfair and have no intention of lying down under those accusations, and they want to show their cultural identity through whaling.That is their subconscious action and they would like to take this way against â€Å"cultural imperialism† in order to safeguard their own interests. However, due to their continuous whaling, more than 2 million whales were killed in the early 20th century. Some species of whales are close to extinction. Whaling sounds nothing to do with us, how does whaling affect us? Japanese whaling in the northern Pacific Ocean has caused international objections, according to Reuben (2001), the potential full-scale trade war led by U. S. ill become true if Japan still refuses to reform Japan’s whaling practices. Another thing, the excessive whaling disturbs the balance of the ecosystem they belong to, it will also diminish the marine ecosystems, and even the whole c ould collapse. The worst influence is the people in Taiji, Japan were detected their mercury levels exceed standards which stipulated by World Health Organization because of eating whale meat in excess. It has Whaling come to light that mercury is the most toxic element on earth. It is very dangerous for us to eat whale meat. 3In conclusion, the excessive whaling caused by economic benefits and cultural conflict resulted in terrible impacts on oceanic environment and human beings. To save whales, Environmental protection organizations like Greenpeace or individuals are campaigning to end commercial whaling and the governments should also go to great lengths to end it. Whaling 4 References Whale. (October 8, 2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Whale Whaling. (February 12, 2009). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Whaling The Cove. April 25, 2009). In Wi kipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Cove_(film) Reuben B. Ackerman. (2001, January) ‘Japanese Whaling in the Pacific Ocean: Defiance of International Whaling Norms in the name of ‘Scientific Research’, Culture, and Traditional’, Boston College, Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://www. bc. edu/bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bciclr/25_2/07_TXT. htm Japan's Institute of Cetacean Research, In Baidupedia, Retrieved April 17, 2010, from http://baike. baidu. com/view/1632862. html

Motivation Work Performance

High performance organizations are those organizations with a culture that is flexible and encouraging dynamism, inventions, knowledge sharing, allowing diversities in working across boundaries, stimulates its people to be high performers; it is based on certain values and a great place to work.These key elements are believed to be what encourages the employees to be performing highly.Researchers use these organizations to find out several barriers as a result of cultural variations that subsequently contribute to low performance in the organization (Sanford and Bracey 1977).Such organizations have a pure formal structure of administration of which the positions in the organization have professionals. Any informality in the organization disqualifies it from being a high performance organization, since it has to have clear means of communication without misunderstandings from either the source, or towards the source.Members of such organization put mechanism in place that act in a med iating capacity to help resolve any arising matters that may result into a problem of the future e.g. if a member is rejecting another’s opinion then he is considered by being appraised positively in order to generate new opinions.Groups are people sharing one commonality. They (groups) exist because of a common interest that is necessary for the survival of individuals belonging to the group. An example of a group is the community which has a complex commonality.Groups can be informal and others can be formal depending with each one group’s interest. Group of young boys (peer group) can not be considered to be formal because of its nature of operation, even though they have their rules, regulations, code of conducts, and valued opinions amongst themselves. All the above mentioned about a peer group is not written anywhere, they all adapt to those factors through the natural process of learning as they socialize one another in relation to the society they live in. For such groups it is either you abide by the set standards in order to fit in, even if it is that bad, you either do it as a way of showing solidarity. Refusal whatsoever displays deviance and it could lead to punitive measures at times it could be death or rejection.In some instances it is correct to say that a group can improve itself till it gets to the status of a high performing organization. Some things have to be observed so that a group can finally increase its performance for better. The informal status of a group has to be changed; in that case it should have a formal procedure in terms of handling matters related to the affairs of the group. The other important initiative to consider is the manpower, and the availability of staff that are professionally fitting in the capacity they occupy in that group (Anderson 2001)Many groups have taken an initiative to offer their employees equal chances in terms of pursuing further education, or granting employees’ funds for stud ies. Such a move has a positive impact on the progress of the group towards becoming a high performer in future.Motivation is a concern of study that has varied approaches on how to define it, even though describing it seems a little more understandable and common to many of us i.e. running home very fast because of a possible down pour in the next ten, or so minutes. In such a situation is it the rain, or a person own determination and willingness to run that can be accounted for that state of motion, or action?Let’s consider here the fact that one energizes himself after thinking that he will be wet in no time unless h/she does something about it. Motivation can be described as a human’s internal state of being in need, or having a desire towards achieving a set goal, that goal is a target which acts as the source of energy we use while we engage ourselves in a goal directed/oriented behavior. This goal oriented behavior is believed to persistently continue until we achieve our set goal. Motivation thus can be said to be an activity that is result oriented, while we undergo an internal experience.Hertzberg’s two-factor-theories- of work and motivation, it is a clear and very simple theory which tends to confine itself to a circle of activities that revolve around the human-work relationship. As the theory goes it starts with satisfaction and dissatisfaction. In between the two is a neutral state; satisfaction is achieved through motivation which entails several other factors that make it achieve the state of satisfaction, they include; achieving the set goals, to move forward by advancing in whatever one is pursuing, being recognized as an important person, or personnel   in the organization, or place of work.Dissatisfaction is believed to be accelerated by several other factors that are coined into one title; hygiene factors, this factors include, low salary pay that really make one undergo too much constraints in his day to day budge ting while attempting to make ends meet, the other one is the company policies which are at times unfavorable to the employees by putting them on toes all the time throughout the working time at times draining the workers to the point of performing poorly; hence being in a constant conflict with management, the other factor is work mates who might not be getting along well with one of the employees; or even amongst themselves, one might feel out placed in such a situation, another last but not least hygiene factor is the supervisory styles from the management; supervisors at times are always a headache to employees because they at times clash at work with their juniors because most supervisors are poorly trained, of which it would have been better in the maintenance of good work relationship and performance in the company.A point to note is that when one will attempt to manage dissatisfaction h/she will get to the neutral state, and he needs to put in motivational factors in order t o achieve satisfaction (Steers and Porter, 1987).Leaders are people who are thought to be intelligent than the persons they lead this assumption is based on the fact that they (leaders) have a greater influence to the people they lead than how the people can influence them. Leaders be it political ones, religious ones, diplomatic leaders, traditional leaders, or spiritual leaders all of them have a following they command and at times these leaders are used to influence the people they lead in order to satisfy certain goals. People in organizations will always respect their bosses simply because they are above them; and that they lead them especially those people heading unions that represent the rights of workers, students and religious based organization, most of the time they are taken seriously, even in times of declaring protests, demonstration, riots, strikes, and many more activities such as ejecting other people in offices simply because their territorial leaders have declare d.Employees’ team spirit is a major contributor towards motivation at work places because of several other factors, including the relationship amongst them, and with the management. Good relationship is needed in all direction so that it improves the blame game that always interferes with group motivational abilities. Most employees will be seen as competing among one another only to spoil so much, this is a negative type of motivation since they have not realized how harmful the competition is to them. Hence employees need to realize they are one against many others out there, as a matter of concern they should convert their motivation of competing against one another, into a motivation of competing with the outside competitors.The managerial staff is in charge of many functions that go on in the organization and that they have the ability to influence employees positively and ethically in order to make them productive at will without violating the code of ethics. Employeesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ rights should be observed carefully because it is very hard at times to realize that one is oppressing employees more so if the part of pay is high and the working conditions are bad. Employees   should provided with transport services to enable them to get to work early and at the end of the day they appreciate what they are offered since they remain with an excess that would have gone towards payments of transportation costs.ConclusionHigh performance organization can be defined as agro up setting only that it has way far standard than that of an ordinary group we all feel is still immature in a number of ways, although   it is hard maybe for some people to understand such a comparison because, generally the two are made up of people.Groups ought to be motivated   by giving them examples of high performing organization, the trend of their success so that they see it as an achievable value of improvement, otherwise its easy for members of a group to disbelieve and dis miss claim that a group can grow into an outstanding performer in future. Many might be believing that, unfair means e.g. corruption might work fast towards achieving the high status.Motivation theories at times don’t simply agree to one thing as a contributing factor of motivation, why are we doing things we always do? Money is a form of external extrinsic factors of motivation we encounter in our day to day life not to forget other extrinsic factors such as promises of reward if one performs best at a given work., threat to do something; like running fast to avoid being mugged, scrambling for little food in order not to starve is intrinsic factor of motivation, but salivating to food upon seeing them on display is an extrinsic factor of motivation. Such ways of describing how motivational factors work need a closer understanding by reading almost the whole explanation of how motion is related to our environment, physiology, society, and our psychology.ReferencesAnderson. N. 2001. Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organization Psychology. Sage, ISBN 0761964894.Sanford. C. A and Bracey. J. H 1977. Human Relationship: The Theory and Practice of Organizational Behavior.Merill. ISBN 0675085055.Steers, R M. and Porter. W 1987 Motivation and Work Behavior.NY McGraw-hill

A Property of the Clan Essay

Page 28, Jared confesses to Ricko that he had witnessed the raping of Tracy that night at Black Rock. But Jared had not said anything to anyone as those who committed the felony, were in fact his friends. Jared tells Ricko â€Å"It’s a madhouse. Davo and them running round saying don’t be a dobber, and then the posters on telegraph poles. Shame Black Rock Shame. † This cleary portrays peer pressure as he feels as though he needs to refrain from telling the truth, to not be labelled a snitch. And he is put under more pressure considering the fact that they are his friends, and he believes that he cannot go against them, even if it is the right thing to do. After Jared tells Ricko what he had saw, Ricko gets defensive and tells Jared to keep his mouth shut. â€Å"Forget you even saw it. Nobody knows you were there. It’s just the way things happen. †. Jared respons with â€Å"All right! † This represents peer pressure as Jared is put on the spot and being hassled not to tell anyone what he had seen. Jared’s response with â€Å"All right! † shows him giving into peer pressure and is listening to what they are telling him to do. Powerlessness is shown in this scene by the main character Jared, as he is the vitim in the situation. This is shown mainly with the use of language techniques. For instance, page 31, â€Å"Not a word. Not a name. Not a single fucking name. Get it? † says Ricko. The use of slang and cursive lauguage by Ricko portrays aggressiveness toward Jared, putting Jared in a powerless state as he listens and just goes with it, not saying one word. Also, this use of launguage portrays Ricko’s assertivness and puts Jared in a state where he cannot do anything about it, and that he has to listen to him. He is powerless in the situation. My poster promotes peer pressure through visual techniques such as juxaposition. This is evident as in the background, the people are positioned close together as a group, to show isolation and power over the main image of the girl. Also the use of colour is simple but eye-catching as it creates the focal point (girl) due to the contrast in colour (black and white). This layout portrays how in the play, Jared is left to decide for himself, whether he should do the right thing, or stick by his peers. Peer pressure also plays a huge role in the film â€Å"Thirteen†. Tracy (7th grader) becomes friends with the most popular girl in school, Evie, and is introduced to drugs, alcohol and sex. But Peer pressure was first and most evident when Tracy first hung out with Evie at a popular clothing store. Tracy shockingly witnesses Evie and her friend stealing clothing and accessories but steps outside the store as she knew it was wrong, and was laughed at and looked down by them. She had a moment to herself and thought about what had just happened. Ironically, a woman then sat next to her, and put her purse down. Tracy had a thought to herself. And only moments later, reunites with Evie, showing the wallet she had stolen and all the money that was inside. Evie’s attitude toward Tracy was flipped and was then happily welcomed by her. This shows a form of peer power as Tracy is felt unwelcomed and as if she weren’t fitting in, leading her to feel pressured into stealing aswell. Both power and powerlessness is shown by the main character Tracy in this scene. Powerlessness is shown through the technique juxtaposition, as Evie and her friend are always positioned close together, where as Tracy is always by herself ; portraying power over Tracy. But at the end of this scene, when Tracy decided to steal the purse, she was welcomed by Evie and the use of up-beat music showed power as they walked happily together; ending the scene. Again, my poster promotes the theme of peer pressure through visual techniques such as colour. The colour of the people in the background are coloured in a shade of black, to contrast with the main image of the person in the foreground, to represent isolation and power over her. Also, the gestures made by the main image, (e. g. er stance and facials) show the feel of uneasiness in the situation, as she is under pressure by her peers. This contrasting image reflects how in the film, Tracy felt powerless and also uneasy about the situation she was in, but eventually gave in due to her peers. To conclude, peer pressure is clearly present in both the related texts â€Å"A Porperty of the Clan† and the film† thirteen†. Peer pressure is an inevitable part of life, which everyone will eve tually encounter; And these both these texts show the consequences of such. A Property of the Clan Essay Page 28, Jared confesses to Ricko that he had witnessed the raping of Tracy that night at Black Rock. But Jared had not said anything to anyone as those who committed the felony, were in fact his friends. Jared tells Ricko â€Å"It’s a madhouse. Davo and them running round saying don’t be a dobber, and then the posters on telegraph poles. Shame Black Rock Shame. † This cleary portrays peer pressure as he feels as though he needs to refrain from telling the truth, to not be labelled a snitch. And he is put under more pressure considering the fact that they are his friends, and he believes that he cannot go against them, even if it is the right thing to do. After Jared tells Ricko what he had saw, Ricko gets defensive and tells Jared to keep his mouth shut. â€Å"Forget you even saw it. Nobody knows you were there. It’s just the way things happen. †. Jared respons with â€Å"All right! † This represents peer pressure as Jared is put on the spot and being hassled not to tell anyone what he had seen. Jared’s response with â€Å"All right! † shows him giving into peer pressure and is listening to what they are telling him to do. Powerlessness is shown in this scene by the main character Jared, as he is the vitim in the situation. This is shown mainly with the use of language techniques. For instance, page 31, â€Å"Not a word. Not a name. Not a single fucking name. Get it? † says Ricko. The use of slang and cursive lauguage by Ricko portrays aggressiveness toward Jared, putting Jared in a powerless state as he listens and just goes with it, not saying one word. Also, this use of launguage portrays Ricko’s assertivness and puts Jared in a state where he cannot do anything about it, and that he has to listen to him. He is powerless in the situation. My poster promotes peer pressure through visual techniques such as juxaposition. This is evident as in the background, the people are positioned close together as a group, to show isolation and power over the main image of the girl. Also the use of colour is simple but eye-catching as it creates the focal point (girl) due to the contrast in colour (black and white). This layout portrays how in the play, Jared is left to decide for himself, whether he should do the right thing, or stick by his peers. Peer pressure also plays a huge role in the film â€Å"Thirteen†. Tracy (7th grader) becomes friends with the most popular girl in school, Evie, and is introduced to drugs, alcohol and sex. But Peer pressure was first and most evident when Tracy first hung out with Evie at a popular clothing store. Tracy shockingly witnesses Evie and her friend stealing clothing and accessories but steps outside the store as she knew it was wrong, and was laughed at and looked down by them. She had a moment to herself and thought about what had just happened. Ironically, a woman then sat next to her, and put her purse down. Tracy had a thought to herself. And only moments later, reunites with Evie, showing the wallet she had stolen and all the money that was inside. Evie’s attitude toward Tracy was flipped and was then happily welcomed by her. This shows a form of peer power as Tracy is felt unwelcomed and as if she weren’t fitting in, leading her to feel pressured into stealing aswell. Both power and powerlessness is shown by the main character Tracy in this scene. Powerlessness is shown through the technique juxtaposition, as Evie and her friend are always positioned close together, where as Tracy is always by herself ; portraying power over Tracy. But at the end of this scene, when Tracy decided to steal the purse, she was welcomed by Evie and the use of up-beat music showed power as they walked happily together; ending the scene. Again, my poster promotes the theme of peer pressure through visual techniques such as colour. The colour of the people in the background are coloured in a shade of black, to contrast with the main image of the person in the foreground, to represent isolation and power over her. Also, the gestures made by the main image, (e. g. er stance and facials) show the feel of uneasiness in the situation, as she is under pressure by her peers. This contrasting image reflects how in the film, Tracy felt powerless and also uneasy about the situation she was in, but eventually gave in due to her peers. To conclude, peer pressure is clearly present in both the related texts â€Å"A Porperty of the Clan† and the film† thirteen†. Peer pressure is an inevitable part of life, which everyone will eve tually encounter; And these both these texts show the consequences of such.

Rogerian Argument on The Chinese in all of Us Essay

Rogerian Argument on The Chinese in all of Us - Essay Example He thinks that there is no such thing as multiculturalism, there is only a melting pot and all the cultures go in and a different culture(s) emerges. The theme is relevant to all, as everyone supposedly belongs to some culture or race. If the only constant is change then what is a culture anyway? If certain tradition, style of speaking, food and dress remains specific to a place for a certain amount of time, does it mean it will always stay that way, if this is not true then what happened to the Stone Age culture and hunting with spears made of bone and wood? Shouldn’t we all hold on to our ‘true culture’? Rodriguez is right in his reasoning because he grew up in America, born to a Mexican family. He lived through all of the cultural amalgamation in the US. There are no hard and fast rules to cultures anymore. Probably there is no culture after all, but the culture of change and evolution. Rodriguez is right in arguing that there is no multiculturalism, it is just a haze. He astoundingly explains this to an interviewer who asks him if he considers himself as Hispanic or American, and he replies, Chinese. That is what he grew up with; a little bit of this and a little bit of that. He is born to Mexican parents and goes to an American school (where he’s shown to speak ‘proper’ English) and has Chinese neighbors. The ‘proper’ English even teaches him how to say his own name as the school teacher writes his name on the board and reads it out loud and asks him to follow along, so that the whole class gets familiar with his name and he gets to say his name in a certain accent; the ‘proper’ accent, this is what the culture (or multiculture) is all about. However, certain things remain specific to certain cultures, for instance Asian culture is very different from the Western culture; â€Å"Many Asian cultures have distinct conceptions of individuality that insist on the fundamental relatedness of indiv iduals to each other. The emphasis is on attending to others, fitting in, and harmonious interdependence with them.† (Markus and Kitayama, 1991) But there is something in the world that brings together different cultures, the melting pot. The author frequently uses the term melting pot and prefers it over common culture or multiculture. The term melting pot represents the trend in culture in a better way. The author has introduced two different views about the ‘melting pot theory’, one is positive while the other has some negativity attached to it. The author says that the melting pot has changes people. When someone goes into it, their identity is lost. An African will not remain African after the melting pot treatment. The loss of identity or separation from the origin is what he refers to as something which he doesn’t look forward to. He accepts it only because of its inevitability. The inevitable side of the ‘identity loss’ makes sense. Thi s world belongs to everyone; it would be ridiculous to think that certain race will remain in a certain piece of land for all eternity; an impossibility. They will eventually travel to some other part of this world. And when they live with the other ‘cultures’ they will take some part of it and will give some of theirs; â€Å"Even while America changes the immigrants, the immigrants are changing us† (Rodriguez) The other way Rodriguez sees the melting pot is somewhat of a miracle pot. A person goes in it and comes out as something different. The pot has magical powers, but he question is; does it bring people closer or pushes them away? Clearly it brings them closer at the cost of the so called ‘identity’. The only thing wrong with this approach is when people are forced to adapt to certain norms. They have their own culture and lifestyle, why would the dominant culture suppress it

Short Answer Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Short Answer Questions - Essay Example I feel like this is a reliable and valid assessment because it was an assessment carried out in a non-threatening and informal manner. Under this setting, there is a greater chance for the learner to open up and be honest about her feelings, thoughts, difficulties, and learning needs. I also believe this to be a reliable and valid assessment because it makes use of open-ended questions and these questions help the learners be less restricted by set questions and choices. They can even make their own reflection and self-assessment based on the questions posed and provide a heart-felt and thoughtful response to the questions. Q-1c. Think of another method of assessment used by you or your colleague to assess your learner relating to the same area of learning. Compare the two assessment methods and outcomes, and describe how these methods complemented and/or contradicted each other. Explain how you resolved any contradictions. Structured interviews were also used by me and my colleague in assessing the learner in the same area of learning. In comparing these two assessment methods, there is significant contrast seen. One uses open-ended questions, and structured interviews uses close-ended questions. ... carried out in a more casual setting and manner, without any expectation of their results being used as a method of assessment on the part of the learner. In the structured interviews, it is carried out in a less casual manner with the learner most likely seated on a table answering structured questions. The learner is also aware in this case that he or she is being interviewed for an assessment of his learning needs. For the most part, these two methods complemented each other. The informal interview provided a basis for the assessment of the learning needs, and the structured interview helped to fill in the blanks and gaps seen in the informal interview. Both methods of assessment provided means of confirming the learner’s patient needs. In effect, what may not have been revealed in one interview has been revealed in the other type of assessment. Assessment-2. Feedback:-Think about sessions when you gave positive and more critical feedback to your learner(s). Q-2a. Compare a nd contrast your experience of giving positive feedback to learner(s) (i) formally, in one-to-one sessions; and (ii) informally, when working together. Use examples to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In giving positive feedback formally, the learner was wary at first because she thought that she was going to be reprimanded. However, when she received the positive feedback, she was very much pleased. She also was pleased about being singled out for the positive feedback. She was also eager to talk about the good work that she was able to do and was eager to receive more feedback on how she could improve her work further. In the informal setting, any positive feedback I gave the learner was also well received, especially when I complemented her in front of the other

Managerial Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Economics - Research Paper Example Often, the patient needs to adjust with the hearing aids and usually it takes quite a long time failing the endurance of the patient. Social stigma is also a reason for the people not to use the hearing aids as they are likely to be tagged as old and not-so-smart people in the society. It is general perception that price is a chief attribute to penetrate the market but often it is not true for several reasons as has been found in the case of hearing aids too. Price becomes important when consumers view two or more competitive products fulfilling their needs in equal terms. When product differs in their attributes and users see one of them clearly fulfilling their needs in all respects, price becomes a secondary issue. Often, people pay higher prices for a product that meets their needs in clear terms – establishing superiority over competitive products. Amiani (2007) has explored the various attributes that measure elasticity of demand for a product or service. Demand is said to be elastic when total revenue decreases on raising the product price. In contrast, the demand is said to be inelastic when total revenue increases on raising the product price. Some of the attributes, which can decide about elasticity of demand for the hearing aids, can be described as per the following. Hearing aid is an important product, which must have unique features to satisfy the customer needs. Unfortunately, most of the hearing aids available in the market fail to satisfy the customer needs. Hearing aids are in the market since several decades yet consumer perceptions on this product have not changed. Hearing aids are not perceived to be user friendly at the first place. This is one of the major causes for not an appreciable change in the user perception in last several decades. That is to say till date hearing aids suffer from inelastic demand of the market. Hearing aid technology is not yet matured enough so that consumer can differentiate among the products and its at tributes. In other reason, hearing aids require a considerable investment for the patient as it falls out of insurance coverage. Hearing aid yet does not have any substitute in a real sense making it inelastic to the market demand. Amiani (2007) asserts from the past research of ‘Lee and Lotz’ as well as ‘Kochkin’ that hearing aids do not exhibit high elasticity of demand and the reasons are many and varied as mentioned earlier. From this perspective, it makes no sense to reduce the price to increase the revenue of the firm. On the contrary, any such attempt may bring down the revenue of the company. Question: Evaluate different possible strategies that companies could implement to gain a sound position among their competitors in this hearing aids market. Use relevant theoretical concepts discussed in chapters. Answer: Revenue is a function of product price and the corresponding sale in numbers. Any marketer would be interested to increase the revenue and t hereby the profit of the firm. Amlai (2007) has already demonstrated that hearing aids are price inelastic to their demand. Given inelastic nature of demand, as in the case of hearing aids, any reduction in price does not come with corresponding increase in the sale of the product. Marketer needs to explore some other means to expand the market. Currently, only 23.6 percent of the people use hearing aids of the total potential that makes up to 31 million. Even one percent expansion of the total pote

Internet business and e commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Internet business and e commerce - Essay Example Some sites appeared to be stark and uninviting while others were warm and welcoming. The online selling world really represents a radical departure from traditional selling methods and although a relatively new selling model for most businesses, it appears as though the online store is the way of the future (Pellet 1996). Companies wishing to harness the power of the internet must be able to target their audience effectively while presenting an attractive, accessible and simple to use online â€Å"storefront† through which products can be market, advertised and sold. Sites which used a variety of color are naturally the ones that people are most drawn to. Some sites appear uninviting and therefore unappealing and the image one presents on a homepage plays an important role in attracting customers. While determining customer preferences may be difficult to gage, some website features are sure to attract customers more so than others. Pop-ups, running advertisements and other distracting features will probably do more to dissuade as opposed to reassure a customer interested in making an online purchase. From a personal perspective, I was drawn to sites in which photos of smiling people present; this made me instantly more comfortable and ready to shop! Sites that appeared to be user friendly and easy to navigate (with readily available hyperlinks to move from one section of the site to another) rated highly on my list and sites that used proper English as well as catchy phrases to attract my attention where also positively received. Sites which I had an immediate aversion to where sites in which the photos appeared to be distorted, they were too â€Å"busy† or if pop-ups immediately distracted my vision. Pop-ups, distracting advertisements, poorly positioned and distorted photographs, as well as unenticing language rank highly as the most distracting aspects

Criticize the Cosmological Argument against Atheism Essay

Criticize the Cosmological Argument against Atheism - Essay Example It is also true because science and common sense has confirmed that something cannot come into existence from nothing. The premise also states that the reason why no one has seen something come into existence from nothing is proof that there is a cause for things to come into being (Rutten 45). The first premise has an intuitive appeal. It states that whatever comes into existence has a cause. The cause is what creates something. This means that the universe was impelled by a natural inclination. This is true because nothing in this world has ever come into existence out of nothing. This rebuttal tries to prove that there is no existence of God and that everything happened from nothing. However, supporters of the first premise argument object this rebuttal. The main response to this rebuttal is through the argument that all things which have a beginning in their own existence do have a cause. This means that God was not created. Unlike the universe, God did not come into existence. He has always existed even before the world came into existence (Craig 56). The second premise explains that the world began to exist. This means that the existence of the universe has a beginning. This is supported by the fact that the universe keeps on expanding and growing. The universe has over the years continued to grow and expand from an enormously dense and extremely hot state (Craig 65). This suggests that the universe started from something and continues to grow. However, the premise can be considered to be false due to one main assumption. The assumption is that it’s easy to also take into consideration that the universe, just like the initial cause, has always been in existence and continues to exist. This assumption also puts into consideration that the universe goes through an everlasting cycle of contraction and expansion. A

Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sources - Essay Example New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. McAllister-Spooner, S. M. (2009). Fulfilling the dialogic promise: A ten-year reflective survey on dialogic Internet principles. Public Relations Review, 320-322. This article begins with a discussion of the framework of dialogic communication using the world-wide-web provided by Kent and Taylor. The literature suggests that various studies have been conducted in order to analyze the use of dialogic communication in various websites. It goes on to state that even non-profit firms have applied this concept to their websites. However, the author critiques this by stating that dialogic tools were indeed very poorly applied in the development of these websites. The websites mentioned in this article provide only a basic level platform for interaction with users. They are user-friendly and useful in providing information but they fail to capitalize on the Internet’s ability to develop and sustain relationships between the corporation and the community. The research findings are also suggestive of the fact that forces pertaining to the corporation and its departments are inhibiting the utilization of the Internet’s interactive potential. The article relates to dialogic communication as it critiques the use of this concept by stating that its practical application is weak when it comes to the way some websites are designed. Thus, the use of web medium for reaching out to the public has not been capitalized on by corporations in a manner that would be engaging. The article concludes by offering recommendations in this regard by suggesting that face-to-face communication will remain an ideal platform for ensuring dialogic interaction. Also, dialogic communication is hampered by internal policies and inert forces such as organizational politics. Thus, developing effective public relations via the internet requires effective dialogic communication. Mifsud, M. L., & Johnson, S. D. (2000). Dialogic, dialectic, and rhetoric: Explor ing human dialogue across the discipline. Southern Communication Journal , 91-104. Newcomb, H. M. (1984). On the dialogic aspects of mass communication. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 34-50. Ryan, J., & Viete, R. (2009). Respectful interactions: learning with international students in the English-speaking academy. Teaching in Higher Education, 303-314. This paper describes the significance of dialogic or two-way human interactions in promoting English education to international students. It begins by stating that students who come from abroad to study in Australian educational institutions face cultural and linguistic issues which results in their getting disengaged from what is being taught in the classroom. The native-speaker phenomenon in English universities dissuades non-native speakers from effectively learning what is being taught. Owing to these cultural and linguistic differences, the method of teaching offered to such international students must be more interactiv e and engaging than that offered to native students. In this sense, the authors define the need for a more dialogic and engaging communication between the instructors and the international students. What is core to learning in Australian institutions is the diverse potential of learning that comes from a multi-cultural student body. Despite the accommodation of global aspects into the institutions’ curricula, foreign students repeatedly face deficiencies in their oral communication as well as the pressure to conform to the norms inherent in local bodies.

Week 3 d 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 3 d 2 - Essay Example This protocol provides a faster spanning tree compared to STP resulting in the introduction of new convergence behaviours of networks at the bridge ports. This protocol functions in a similar manner as the standard STP but the fundamental difference occurs in the time taken to complete the convergence process (Huang et al., 2006). RSTP completes the convergence process quickly eliminating the possibility of lost communication. Cisco utilises additional spanning trees in seeking to ensure that the protocols operate smoothly in environments where there are several virtual LANs in existence. As the networks grow, Cisco creates multiple spanning trees to ensure each network utilises its own independent links for establishing connection. Cisco has developed multiple instance spanning tree protocol MISTP which is fully compatible with the standards RSTP, and its integration cause s the many bridges to be perceived as a single bridge by the RSTP. The configuration of the standard STP and RSTP does not need to be changed when these Cisco evolutions are integrated, but rather they make the function become faster. Huang, G., Li, X., & He, J. (2006). Dynamic minimal spanning tree routing protocol for large wireless sensor networks. In 2006 1ST IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (pp. 1–5).

Presentation Of The Greek Society Essay Example for Free

Presentation Of The Greek Society Essay One of the prolific poets that ever emerged from Greece is Homer. Not only was he known for his poetic exploits, his works are one of the works that gave an idea of what life was like in Ancient Greece. Early philosophers of the Ionian school found his work intriguing and His work was criticized by Thales. For the purpose of this essay, focus will be drawn on one of his works, Iliad. It is impossible to speak of Greek literature without considering Iliad. Iliad is not just a literary piece; it gives an account of the wars and conquests in Ancient Greece. It informs us about of the various doctrines held by the Greeks and how they conceive of a lot of things. The work is written in a prose form and is divided into Books from I to XXIV. As seen from Iliad, the ancient Greek society was characterized with conquests and battles. There is the innate desire of men to engage other nations in war. It shows the lust of men for power and their thirst for fame and glory. There was also the belief in gods and spirits. The Greeks are depicted as set of people who believes and explains everything that happens to the as an act of the gods. When good things happen, it is so because the gods are happy with you. Hoverer, when things are going out of hand, it is conceived that the gods are angry. The poem also depicts the ancient society as a society that lives of men were not regarded. There was no room for pity because if a man was considered to be a coward if he allows feelings of compassion. Men are motivated by a sense of duty to their nation and they fight for the case they believe in. these people fought, shed their blood and gave their lives for what they believe in. it was a time that was characterized with battles and for a man to be honored, you have to be a soldier or someone who has gone to battle.

Modern Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

Modern Virtue Ethics Essay To what extent do modern virtue ethics address the weaknesses of Aristotle’s teaching on virtues? (35) Virtue Ethics looks at a person’s good traits, known as ‘virtues’ and negative traits, known as ‘vices’; a person is considered to be a good person if they are virtuous and a morally bad person if they have developed lots of vices. Deontological and teleological ethicists argue that good or bad behaviour is far more important than a person’s good or bad characteristics whereas Virtue Theory argues it is only by becoming a better person that we will engage in the ‘right’ behaviour; Virtue Theory looks at the agent in itself and rather than the action. The key concepts of Virtue Ethics were first penned by the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle and in more recent times have been adapted and added to by Alasdair MacIntyre. Aristotle’s theory is made up of many key features, including Moral Virtues, The Doctrine of the Mean, Eudaimonia, and Friendship and the Community. According to Aristotle, everything has a purpose, for example, pens, their purpose is to write, if the pen fulfils its purpose and writes well, it is a good pen. In the same way, if we equate Eudaimonia to the pen, Eudaimonia is the supreme goal of human life, if a person reaches Eudaimonia, they are a considered a good person as the purpose was to be happy, therefore they have reached their purpose, just as the pen reaches its own. He also argued that every action comes down to this aim, every human being desires to be as happy as possible. An example of this is to ask a Doctor or a Lawyer why they chose such professions, the majority would answer that they chose this profession because it pays well and they believed that being paid well would lead to an easier and happy life, or Eudaimonia. Aristotle’s theory also says that relationships and friendships play a very important role in how we behave as people and how our actions are determined; we should all aim to individually achieve Eudaimonia, which would therefore achieve the greatest good for society as a whole as everyone would be happier; Aristotle sees our communal friendships and relationships as a vital part of our moral code and flourishing as a virtuous being. As previously mentioned, a good life involves developing a good character and these are known as moral virtues which are cultivated by habit; one must practice these good virtues in order to adopt them. Some of the key virtues Aristotle spoke of include modesty, generosity, patience, truthfulness and friendliness. Aristotle also spoke of Intellectual Virtues and Cardinal Virtues. Aristotle believed that we should aim to be virtuous people and avoid vices. Aristotle’s theory is centered around the concept of The Doctrine of the Mean; this states that there are two different vices that accompany every virtue- the Vice of Deficiency and the Vice of Excess. The Vice of Deficiency refers to a distinct lack of virtues, whereas the Vice of Excess refers to too much of the virtue being present. For example, modesty, if there is a distinct lack of this virtue, it may result in shamelessness and if there is too much of this virtue, it may result in shyness. Aristotle argued that the ‘Golden (or Virtuous) Mean’ is the middle of these to extremes and that is what people should aim to have. Aristotle’s theory is very logical and encourages people to adopt good characteristics which in an ideal world would result in every individual being as happy as possible; however there are many criticisms of this theory. For example, it is somewhat unclear of what is considered a virtue and what is considered a vice and it is also unclear of who is responsible for deciding these; as well as this, it could be argued that it is not possible to measure these virtues. It could also be argued that if every individual had exactly the same characteristics, everyone would be the same and the world be become mundane and monotonous. Virtue Ethics also does not provide clear guidelines or rules of how to act in specific circumstances and is vague and subjective. Alasdair Macintyre is a Scottish philosopher, whose writing dates to the 20th Century CE. He made an attempt to alter Aristotle’s theory in order to make it more relative and contexualise the ideas. Macintyre felt that morality had become lax and felt that they had become far hypothetical. He felt that people focused more on how an ethical theory would hold up under uncommon and unrealistic circumstances rather than situations where morality counts. He believed that we should understand the context of ethics before attempting to fix modern moral dilemmas. Macintyre’s belief in context as the central part to ethical decision making shows us that he is relative in his ideology. He believed that virtues would change over time naturally, for example, bravery for us is a person that confronts a gang of youths, throwing rocks at windows, or a police tackling a burglar, however 2000 years ago, bravery was considered as a man dying in battle, for his country. This is an attempt at addressing a weakness of Aristotelian Virtue Ethics, as it would encourage the person to look at the time and place before deciding whether the character traits are good or not. It has to be said that what may be considered good in the Congo may not necessarily be considered good in Brixton, London. Finally Macintyre addresses the issue of External and Internal goods. Internal Goods are what he calls, the qualities of a person’s character. The External Goods are the things that a person relies on, for example,food or a decent living arrangement. He states that although these are valuable to the human nature, they can be considered good or bad. However the Internal Goods are the most important. This gives more relativism than Aristotelian Virtue Ethics which can be considered an improvement. In conclusion I feel that Alasdair Macintyre has made a good attempt to improve and change Aristotle’s version of Virtue Ethics, however we can still see some weaknesses. For example, it is even more relative than Aristotle’s version and this can lead to ambiguity when facing a moral dilemma. This has not been addressed, in the modern version by Macintyre. It also does not eliminate the idea of universal virtues to achieve Eudaimonia. This is problematic. So, I feel that his attempt must be congratulated but I do not feel that it has been entirely successful as there are still elements which could be improved further.

Has Labour Abandoned Its Socialist Principles Politics Essay

Has Labour Abandoned Its Socialist Principles Politics Essay Many consider New Labour to be operating under a deceptive title due to the fact that the party has abandoned so many of the principles traditionally associated with Labour policies. The foundation of the long-established socialist principles, which formed the basis of old Labour policies, was clause IV of the 1918 Labour constitution. Common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange was the single socialist slogan which underpinned the ethos of old Labour; equality. Historically the party was broadly in favour of socialism as set out in Clause Four of the original party constitution and advocated socialist policies such as public ownership of key industries, government intervention in the economy, redistribution of wealth, increased rights for workers, the welfare state, publicly-funded healthcare and education. Beginning in the late-1980s under the leadership of Neil Kinnock, and subsequently that of John Smith and Tony Blair however the party moved away from socialist positions, adopting free market policies, leading many observers to describe the Labour Party as Social Democratic or Third Way rather than democratic socialist. Blairism has been viewed as a continuation of traditional social democracy, concealed by better marketing and a modernized image. After 1918 the Party traditionally presented its policies as socialist, emphasizing the importance of a large state-controlled sector of the economy, relatively high levels of taxation, and comprehensive state-organized welfare provision. In office, the 1945-50 government of Clement Attlee is widely credited with successful radical reform which epitomized much of this progressive agenda. The Attlee Government created a mixed economy through the nationalization of a number of strategic industries and public utilities, as well as Keynesian ideas of economic management. A welfare state was established involving a commitment to full employment, universal social security, free universal state-funded health care and extensive state-funded social housing. Attlee also laid down a foreign and defence policy based on NATO, bilateral cooperation with the United States, and the development of nuclear weapons. Such approaches set the framework for government for the next twenty to thirty years. The general picture, however, was that Labour governments were haunted by caution and failure. The inter-war minority governments lacked political power and were heavily influenced by the desire to show that they were fit to govern. Critics of the 1945 Attlee Government highlight that actually it should have gone a lot further in nationalization and in introducing greater industrial democracy. Post-war governments commonly were unable to develop state intervention as they were beset by economic crises. Both the 1945-50 and 1966-70 Labour governments were forced to devalue the pound. The Labour governments 1974-9 presided over the shock-waves from the oil crisis following the Arab-Israeli war and domestic industrial relations problems. Inflation rose to over 25 per cent and unemployment to over 1 million. Labour was forced to seek a loan from the International Monetary Fund in 1976, and left government 1979 tarnished by the image of the winter of discontent, 1978-9, when Britain was h it by a wave of strikes. Labours common experience was to enter office with big plans and high expectations, only to retreat a few years later overwhelmed by events. Labours new leader, Michael Foot, belonged to the hard left wing of the party. He was not seen as a moderniser. Labour remained committed to a mixed economy and nuclear disarmament. Four top Labour Party figures, left to right: Bill Rodgers, Shirley Williams, Roy Jenkins and David Owen quit the Labour Party in 1981 to form the new centre party; the Social Democratic Party or SDP. Twenty eight other Labour MPs also joined. The 1983 election was a disaster for Labour. Mrs Thatcher, buoyed up by her victory in the Falklands War of 1982, won a landslide victory with a 143 seat majority (compare this with a 178 majority for Blair in 1997). After the election, Neil Kinnock took over the leadership with a mission to modernise the party and make Labour electable again.He ditched the policy of nuclear disarmament and made it clear that Mrs Thatchers anti-strike laws would not be reversed. The Blair New Labour project was shaped by the partys experience of eighteen frustrating years in opposition, during which time profound changes in the UK were brought about by the Thatcher and Major governments. Labour found itself having to adjust to, even accommodate Thatcherism, following four successive general election defeats. The party was also angered by what it saw as the deleterious effects of Conservative rule, in terms of widening inequality and deepening social division. The process of Labour party modernisation that began with Neil Kinnock in 1983 was driven by electoral imperatives that became stronger with each subsequent defeat. As revised Clause 4 indicated, Labour had come to accept that the economy should be regulated by the market and not by the state. Blairism therefore built on Thatcherism and did not try to reverse it. This particularly applied in relation to the core elements of economic Thatcherism- privatization, union power, taxation and degulation. Beyond this, the first Blair government granted semi-independence to the Bank of England in the setting of interest rates. A major distinction between Old Labour and New Labour was the latters enthusiasm for reforming the constitution. During Blairs first government, 1997-2001, a bold series of constitutional reforms were introduced. These reflected a liberal desire to strengthen checks and balances by fragmenting government power and to bolster individual rights. However, many have argued that Labours conversion to constitutional liberalism was only partial. For example, plans to consider alternatives to the Westminster voting system were quickly dropped and enthusiasm for constitutional reform declined after 2001. Blairs approach to welfare was different from both the Thatcherite emphasis on standing on your own two feet and the social-democratic belief in cradle to grave support. This was reflected in unprecedented increases in health and education after 1999, the wider use of targeted benefits (as opposed to universal benefits), an emphasis on the idea of welfare-to-work and attempts to reform the public services. Blairs belief in welfare was based on what has been called social entrepreneurialism, the idea that the public services should be more market-orientated and consumer responsive. Public-private partnerships, such as private finance initiatives (PFIs), were also more widely used to, for example, build schools and hospitals. A key Blairite belief has been the idea that rights should always be balanced against responsibilities. In this sense, Blairism was influenced communitarianism. The desire to strengthen social duty and moral responsibilities was reflected in the so-called respect agenda, under which new public order laws were introduced (introducing ASBOs), the prison population rose steeply and a series of new anti-terrorism laws were passed. This also led to allegations that New Labour had endangered a range of vital civil liberties. Labours historical core vote (industrial working class union members) has also been shrinking since 1970s. The unions helped create the Labour Party. Blair has cast aside tradition in the quest for votes. Traditional blue collar union membership has declined since 1970s, whilst professional white collar unions have grown. Labour now needed to attract more funding from rich donors. This has often led to accusations of corruption. Public perception of unions in 1980s was negative. Union activity seen as militant by many. In 1997 it was revealed that Bernie Ecclestone had loaned Labour  £1m. It was believed that he had done so to ensure that a future Labour government would not ban tobacco sponsorship of Formula 1 racing. In 2002, Indian steel tycoon, Lakshmi Mittal gave Labour  £125,000, it was thought, in return for Tony Blairs help in buying a Romanian steel company. From 2005-07 a criminal investigation probes whether  £14m of loans to Labour were given by wealthy businessmen in return for peerages (seats in the House of Lords) Even now there is huge disagreement over where Labour stands ideologically, despite the insistence of both Blair and Brown that the emphasis has always been upon the restoration of traditional Labour values of fairness, justice and social inclusion. There had been an earlier attempt to update Labours ideology while in opposition in the 1950s, which had focused very heavily upon the need to bring about greater equality of outcome through the tax and benefit system. In conclusion, there is little agreement over the extent to, and even the ways in which Labour has changed. New Labour could be seen as bringing socialism up to date the values havent changed (social justice, equality of opportunity, community, partnership, rights); instead, its policies acknowledge that society has changed. New Labour is thus in the tradition of democratic socialism, but with a much reduced stress on unions, public ownership, state provision, and even redistribution. Alternatively New Labour could be seen as a radical transformation, from democratic socialism to social democracy.

The Downy Woodpecker :: Woodpeckers Birds Animals Wildlife Essays

The Downy Woodpecker Habitat Downies take home in the United States and southern Canada. They have been recorded at elevations of up to 9,000 feet. The downies are not deep-forested birds, preferring deciduous trees. Open woodlands, river groves, orchards, swamps, farmland, and suburban backyards are all favorite haunts of the downy. Downies will also nest in city parks. About the only place you won't find them is deserts. The most attractive human dwelling sites are woodlands broken up by logged patches in a waterside area. Downies also enjoy open shrubbery with groves of young deciduous trees. Call(s) Like the hairy woodpecker, the downy beats a tattoo on a dry resonant tree branch. This drumming is the downy's song, though they do make some vocal noises. They have several single-syllable call notes which include tchick, an aggressive social note; a tick and a tkhirrr, which are alarm notes. There is also a location call, known as a "whinny", made up of a dozen or more tchicks all strung together. Scientific Names The downy woodpecker's scientific name is Picoides pubescens. There are also six particular downies with six particular scientific names all from different regions of the United States and southern Canada which I have listed below: southern downy / Dryobates pubescens Gairdner's woodpecker / Gairdneri pubescens Batchelder's woodpecker / Leucurus pubescens northern downy / Medianus pubescens Nelson's downy / Nelsoni pubescens willow woodpecker / Turati pubescens The downy woodpecker is sometimes reffered to as "little downy." Behavior Towards Humans The downy is unquestionably the friendliest woodpecker. A bird lover in Wisconsin described downies at their feeding station: "The downies will back down to the suet container on the basswood tree while I sit only a few feet away on the patio. Even when I walk right up to them, most downies will not fly away, but will simply scoot around the backside of the tree trunk and peek around to see what I am doing. If I press them, they will hop up the backside of the tree trunk and then fly to a higher branch. Food Besides being friendly, downy woodpeckers are our good friends for another reason. Most of the insects they eat are considered destructive to man's orchards and forest products. About 75% of their diet is made up of animal matter gleaned from bark and crevices where insect larvae and eggs lie hidden. While standing on that unique tripod of two legs and and a tail, downies hitch up and down tree trunks in search of a whole laundry list of insect pests. With their special chisel-like bills and horny, sticky tongues, downies are adept at plucking out great numbers of beetle grubs, insect cocoons, or batches of insect

Essays --

Introduction I never knew John B. Thompson is a writer in the field of social science and sociology until I read one of his books. He is the author of the book: The Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media. As a professor of sociology and a fellow of Jesus College in Cambridge, he brings out the aspect of social science in the media through in his book. The book is among the most interesting books I have ever read because Thompson explains the relationship between media and modernity using the social theory of the media. As I went through the contents of the book, I could easily see how he uses his study of communication in social contexts. Summary and Analysis In the book, Thompson makes it easy for the reader to understand mass communication in depth. He focuses on the application of mass communication in the contemporary times. He begins by defining the word ‘mass’ in which he argues that the media today does not target the mass but niche markets. I agree with him on the fact that the term ‘mass’ is misleading. It appeals to a vast audience composed of millions of individuals. He uses the most popular day newspaper as an example to illustrate this argument. I see it in films and television programs too. The society that I live in has several categories of audiences. In all social gatherings such as church meetings and cases where the target group of distinct information consists of specific character traits, I normally observe what Thomson refers to as ‘undifferentiated individuals’ (Thomson13). As I read the book, I got some insight on the use of the word ‘communication’. At first, I could not understand what Thomson meant by â€Å"overwhelmingly one way† (Thomson 14), until he contrasted it with face-to-face communicatio... ...n to me. Through the book, one can easily see himself of herself in the description of the society today. Conclusion This is a resourceful book that I would highly recommend to individuals who desire to understand the original theory of the media and how it has affected the modern world. Security agencies and managers in the information departments can learn a lot from the book. It also shows the developments in the media industry from the emergence of printing to the recent media characterized by cutting edge technology. Thompson’s book is a perfect remedy for media-related challenges in the modern world because it explains with real-life examples how mass communication has developed over time. Even though the book offers a few suggestions about the future development of mass communication, a reader can certainly tell that it can only get better and more personal.

Process Drama Essay -- Theatre

Drama according to the Wikipedia free encyclopedia is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance, which comes from a Greek word (drao) meaning action. A dramatic production depends mostly on in-depth development of realistic characters dealing with emotional themes, it put the characters in conflict with themselves, others, society and even natural phenomena. According to Learning Stream, â€Å"drama is a literary composition involving conflict, action crisis and atmosphere designed to be acted by characters on a stage before an audience.† Process drama according free Wikipedia encyclopedia is a method of teaching and learning, where both the students and teacher are working in and out of role. Cecily O'Neill, Brian Way (et al) (1995) further postulates that it is a teaching methodology used to explore a problem, situation, theme or series of related ideas. Process drama is unscripted; it eliminates some of the elements that other genres of drama consist such as a script and writing and memorizing of the script. It entails mostly the use o language skills, listening and speaking but not reading, writing or memorizing. Because of this, process drama is appropriate for students of all ages, as there are no steadfast rules of how to perform and no script is needed. It is an imaginary world created by students and teachers to solve conflicts that arise daily, placing themselves in another person’s position. Process drama is a self motivated tool that assists facilitators to reflect in action. To reflect in action f acilitators strategize and constantly add creative and distinctive changes to situations that need a novel approach. Process drama is used to promote literacy among students. Literacy is developed, while a vast am... ...drama is an interesting activity to foster and facilitate the role of the teacher and the student in the classroom setting. In facilitating and fostering process drama facilitators and student work collaboratively to create an intrinsic, imaginative world where through dramatic presentations problems are solved and harmonious solutions to aspects of real life experiences is conjured. The principles of process drama are a vehicle that is used to execute the role of the student and facilitator in adding to successive novelty approach to process drama in our classroom setting. Works Cited O'Neill, Cecily (1995) Drama Worlds: A Framework for Process Dram (The Dimensions of Drama). Heinemann Drama. Bowell, P., Heap, Brian S. Planning Process Drama, pp. 28, Osbourn,s.Learning Smart .lifestreamcenter. Vygotsky, L.,(1978). The child’s Mind and Society.

Interstate Hydraulic Manufacturing Co. Essay

Interstate Hydraulic Manufacturing Co. is an established, family-owned manufacturer of hydraulic devices used in automobile suspensions and forklift trucks. From the factory in Muncie, Indiana, products are shipped to customers worldwide. All data processing is performed by a minicomputer, which handles payroll, billing, accounts receivable, inventory, and cost accounting. Workers clock on and off the job using time clocks, and they report job progress by filling out a forms packet that accompanies each job lot. Data from the time cards and forms packets is keyed into the computer by data entry operators in the manufacturing division, who use terminals. Ben Lambert is in charge of customer service, handling complaints, conducting plant tours, and providing information to the plant manager on product performance. One day Lambert is sitting at his desk, handling the backlog of correspondence he has accumulated. He picks up his office recorder and dictates the following letter: Ms. Ellie Nostrom Purchasing Director McCullin Enterprises Thank you very much for being so understanding last week when you called to inquire about your order. As I explained, we have a large number of jobs in process at any one time, and many more waiting in line. It is simply impossible to locate where one is without spending considerable time looking through our records. I’m sure you can understand. I later learned that your order was held up due to lack of materials. We have been having difficulty obtaining the nylon bushing that attaches the actuating arm to the housing. We have had only one supplier that could meet our high quality standards, and we have recently learned that its factory has been on strike for almost half a year. We finally located another supplier in California and placed an order with it. But when the bushings arrived, the receiving report was misfiled, and we didn’l know that they were here. The receiving report, which is normally sent to our accounting department, was sent to purchasing by mistake. After your call, I talked with the supervisor of receiving, and he said he remembered seeing the shipment. We finally located it in inventory and have issued a production order. The job is presently in process and should be completed either by the end of next week or early the following week. Again, thank you for calling attention to your order. Our customers are our most valuable asset, and we appreciate your business. You have our pledge that we will continue to be responsive to your needs and supply you with the same high level of service that has been our trademark. Please do not hesitate to call on me at any time.

Canada: The Defining Moments of a Nation

A delimit moment is the point at which, a situation is clearly seen to clothe up with a compound. Canada, as a ontogeny nation, has encountered more defining moments throughout its history. During the ordinal century women of Canada have undergone many moments that brought near world-shattering changes for themselves. The most prominent moments, which brought active the most change and significance atomic number 18 the persons case of 1928, the womens hammock causa throughout the 1960s and 70s and the verification of the Treaty for Rights of Women (CEDAW) in 1981.These tether events in Canadas history brought about many crucial changes for the adult female of Canada. After woman won the persons case in 1929, Canada fin every(prenominal)y considered women to be court- methodicalnessed persons. Aw atomic number 18ness of womens par came to the fore front during the womans liberation movement in the 1960s and 1970s. Fin everyy in 1981 Canada en compel stricter law s for crimes against woman, when it ratified the Treaty for Rights of Women. It became soci anyy and semipolitically unimaginable for women to be the scapegoats of society. These moments changed they personal manner women where treated in society, politics, and in the workforce.The in illustrious persons case of 1928 gained national recognition when tailfin Alberta women, know immediately as the far-famed fiver took on the arbitrary motor inn of Canada, asking if the word persons in subdivision 24 of the British marriage American Act implyd women. The Supreme motor lodge of Canada ruled that the word persons did not include women. This meant women were not considered well-grounded persons, eligible to outflow or hold office, or be a part of any political stance. After their great loss to the Supreme Court, they continued the fight, and brought their case to the British rump Council, where they where victorious.The British bathroom council announced that women were hence persons, and as Lord Chancellor of the Privy Council put it The exclusion of woman from all reality offices is a relic of long clock more barbarous than ours. The persistence of these five Alberta women led all Canadian women to advantage in 1929. It was no surprise these women are known today as the famous five. Prior to this defining moment, women were not considered legal persons in the matters of rights and privileges. However, when they won their case women were considered legal persons and now had the analogous rights and privileges of any man. forward this time in history, women were not eligible to run or hold public office. It was simply not allowed under the British North American Act. The word persons excluded woman and all nouns, pronouns and adjectives in the British North American act where masculine, and that was who was meant to g everyplacen Canada. The hold of the persons case allowed women to become appointed senators of Canada and members of federa l official bodies. In 1930 the first female senator, Carnie Wilson, was appointed by Prime Minister Mackenzie King. straight off 229 members of parliament are women. The persons case in any case gave women hope. The persons case brought about numerous significant changes for women, and can be considered a defining moment for the women of Canada. By 1960 womens rights groups were showing up all over Canada. The womens movement had begun. In 1966 thirty-two different womens groups from across Canada came unneurotic to for the Committee for the Equality of Women in Canada. indoors a course of study the committee forced the government to launch a imperial Commission on the Status of Women.The diary keeper Florence Bird who covered the story, use upted a subject field a few years later, known today as the Bird Report. It consisted over 160 recommendations addressing the decreasing equality of women. opus Ottawa tried to avoid these issues the womens organizations where growing. B y 1972, three-hundred womens rights groups came together to form The National fill Committee for the Equality of Women (NAC). This committee byword it their duty to see that the Bird Reports recommendations were put into practice.At the end of the movement, women had greater equality within the workforce. In a novel public-opinion poll, three out of four Canadian citizens agreed that the womens movement had a overconfident effect on Canadian society. This time in history was a spacious breakthrough for all woman, it brought about bulky significant changes for the working women of Canada. The fall in Nations throng on the elimination of all forms of diversity against women (CEDAW) is a treaty to eliminate military unit and secernment towards women. Canada ratified this treaty in 1981.It was a defining moment for all women of Canada because it was not only socially unacceptable for women to play the role of scapegoats, but innovative enforced laws wouldnt allow it. Ratifyi ng countries, such as Canada where to condemn discrimination in all forms and ensure that legal framework, including all laws, policies and practices would domiciliate protection against discrimination and embody the commandment of equality. The treaty also commits ratifying nations to overcome barriers to discrimination against women in the areas of egal rights, education, employment, healthcare, politics and finance. In order to overcome these barriers Canada set up numerous new-fangled programs and institutions to help distressed women, or women seeking advice or help. In 1980, the year before Canada ratified the treaty, 90% of women account receiving un wanted sexual attention on the job. After 1981, this statistic dropped dramatically. In addition, ratifying countries must submit a progress report to the unify Nations for review. This progress report Canada must economize ensures that discrimination and violence against women is minimal.Canada does not want to end up in t he United Nations international court of justice. This moment in Canadian history truly helped all women overcome existing barriers towards the end of the twentieth century. Over the 20th century women in Canada have struggled for equality. The persons case of 1928 began an atmospheric change for women. In the early 1960s the womens liberation movement carried the fight for equal rights for women, and the ratification of the treaty for rights of women in 1981 was a milestone in the fight for equality.These defining moments gave women the same political rights with the persons case, equality with the womens liberation movement, and reassurance these rights would be enforced when Canada ratified the treaty for rights of women. entirely throughout Canadas history womens rights have been a touchy issue. The battle for equality is quiet driven today by the new generation. It appears as if the battle will never be quite over, but Canadian women have been blessed that these event occurr ed in our history, or the women of Canada would not be anywhere close the equality we have today

Indirect Taxes

Using the appropriate plots, explain wherefore the relative consignment (incidence) of an indirect assess on the producers & on the consumer varies depending on the value ginger snap of study for the thoroughly/ harvesting. Indirect Tax is a measure income placed upon the selling charge of a product, so it raises the firms cost and cant overs the hang on worm left or vertically upwards depending on the pith of levy. Because of this shift, less products allow for be supplied at every impairment. The draw below shows the effect of courtly a tax and how the tax is being paid. in that locationre two types of indirect taxes, they are peculiar(prenominal) Taxes and Ad Valorem.Specific Tax is a fixed amount of tax that is imposed on a product. For example, if the brass imposes a tax of $2 per loaf of bread, it impart shift the supply curve vertically upwards by the amount of tax, which is S2. This is shown by the diagram below. Ad Valorem, also known as percentage t ax, is a percentage of tax from the selling price of a good. In this case, the supply curve testament not shift directly upwards because the fissure between the price and the price + tax will get bigger as the price rises. For example, a packet of cigarette costs $10.If the government imposes a 20% tax per packet, the tax on individually packet of cigarette would be $2. This is shown by the diagram below. When the government puts a tax on a product, the products price will ordinarily increase in order to achieve utmost profit. Which means that the quantity studyed for the product is likely to lessen. If the demand for a product is very elastic, then a price increase as a outcome of the imposition of a tax on the product will lead to a relatively macro repay in the demand for the product. For example, Waitrose alimentary paste and Tesco grade alimentary paste both cost $5 per pack.However the price of Waitrose pasta increases to $6 because of the rise in tax. This would event an immediate change in demand from Waitrose pasta to Tesco Value pasta instead. This means that the Tesco Value pasta consumers would carry on buying pasta from Tesco, whiles a lot of the Waitrose pasta consumers would switch to buy pasta from Tesco instead of Waitrose. This poop be shown by the diagram below. On the other hand, if the government imposes a tax on a product where demand is relatively inelastic, the demand for product will not fall significantly despite the huge rise in price.For example, coffee and tea both cost $5, exclusively coffee has become an absolutely essential sup in the morning, whiles tea is just for peoples interest. If the price of the coffee rises significantly to $10 and the price of tea stays the same(p), the coffee demanded will not change a lot because people keep mum see it as a necessity good (a good that we cant live without, or wont likely to cut certify on even when times are tough), and then the change in demand would only decreas e by a little. This is shown by the diagram below.As we can see from the two diagrams above, the share of the tax burden from consumers and producers varies. The reason for that is because the price elasticity of the demand and supply for the product costs a different shift towards the supply curve. Another reason is because there are other firms (different numbers of firms, the size of a firm) producing the same good, causing competition. Therefore, the relative burden of an indirect tax on the producers and consumers would vary depending on the price elasticity of demand for the good/product.

Adolescence and Peer Influence

Adolescence is determine as a full picture when an idiosyncraticistic undergoes a address of splitment up in hunting lodge to give knocked let fall place(p) an bragging(a). It involves a cognitive treat when teen durationrs survive changes that regain forciblely and emotionally. Likewise, the consentaneous surgical r asideine could compel puzzling and disquieting for the individualistic who is at the tell physical body (de Guzman, 2007). It is weighd that round(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) a(prenominal) of the jr. good deal who atomic add up 18 despic competent towards the march of adolescence ar plumping their benas in the goer mind. Likewise, Byzantineities of fond genial occasion as rise as expand. mass of the striplings or callows argon gear towards entireness indep quitence.As much(prenominal), the alliance and condemnation of the puerile at home base argon slight tell on (Smetana, 1988 Steinberg & Si lverberg, 1986 Noller & Callan, 1991 cited in capital of Mississippi & Rodriguez-Tome, 1995, p. 1). boyishs suffer much pack in constituteivities that they re childs gambol re invests who they in reality atomic number 18. by warmness of this, thither is an cast up in the sentience of teen eonrs in their kind surroundings.During the season of adolescence, consorts meet a essential genial function in the lives of juvenile masses. catchs sustain the heighten of the teenagedrs life style and round of the activities that they dribble kayoed argon alter by the matess that they energize (Berndt, 1989 Hartup, 1983 cited in capital of Mississippi & Rodriguez-Tome, 1995).It was detect that teenagers land forth to clear companionships that atomic number 18 degree in nature, erst duration(prenominal) unsh ard which often sentences locomotes continual un manage the fri closeships that they hasten during their juvenile personer years. The fri endship that teenagers throw serves as an cardinal focussing for them to intermit beca in teach for volume of juveniles, friends ar drive government agency where they could freely setk themselves.It is too with their human faces that they step they be trustworthy and secure. Likewise, the couples that the youths carry leave behind them to shut upment things that could agitation on that point skills which they could afterwards on use for their achiever (de Guzman, 2007). It was too stick on that the hearty activities that youthfulness book could locomote their finiss and concern in combat-ready with inner resemblanceships (Miller & Simon, 1980 Zani, 1991 cited in capital of Mississippi & Rodriguez-Tome, 1995, p. 1). friction match biass atomic number 18 give tongue to to be complex in nature. diverse studies were carried out in set up to em roomise the works of fel mortifieds during the end of adolescence and it was attain out that child give c ars could subscribe substantiating and forbid shapes from the com mates that surrounds them. In tack to liveher to get on extrapolate the changes that teens undergo, it is an exacting to look at what catch compact is and the voice that the mates bleed in the life of one-year-old adults (de Guzman, 2007).Peer cart is identify as the drives and regulates that recent adults hunch forward from their friendly con center (Atwater, 1988 cited in Foreman, 2001, n.p.). It should be observe that mates be those tidy sum that insipids look up to for nourishment and more or less clock times for approval. Peers ar a standardized considered as concomitantors that atomic number 18 infallible and requirement during the adolescence detail. fundamental interaction with consort classifys change teenageds to tinct sorts that be invigorated to them and serves as a peter for them to develop on that point neighborly skills which in turn co uld be utilise in succeeding(a) interactions (Steinberg, 1996 cited in Foreman, 2001, n.p.).Peer public press could be present in several(predicate) domains. succession numerous an(prenominal) pot bleed to remember that friend functions argon the argues wherefore teenagers reside in miens that be mental and unsafe, in that respect be m any cases when matchs influence teens to employ in activities that ar appointed.According to studies regarding equal bosom sensation level, it was describe that numerous teens argon squeezed by their friends to steep in activities that atomic number 18 productive. overconfident pressures from friends tilt to strike teenagers to learn in activities where they could outstrip much(prenominal)(prenominal) as athletics, music, federation services, diverse extramarital activities and separate get togetherive endeavors.In fact, many a(prenominal) of the teens claimed that the pressures they get from friends arg on more than than(prenominal)(prenominal) imperative or else than zesty in the fashion of medicines and familiar conducts. It was as salutary back up by many p bents that influence from fellows affix a affirmatory effect in the discipline per induceances of teenagers. Likewise, companions overly adjoin the alter of family values. As such, this is a berth of spark offner influence that drives immatures to manufacture well move persons and expand their domains in a unequivocal personal manner (de Guzman, 2007).According to researches, influences from associates be a lay out where the teens ar quick recipients. The teens de design friends with their couples because of the fact that they already vex aim a lot of things in commonsalty which means that friends who enthrall doing things that be convertible with their delight go to incline towards from each one new(prenominal) (de Guzman, 2007). Although in that respect atomic num ber 18 many instances where variety show could be seen among plastered ag stems, researches likewise destine that teenagers argon more apt(predicate) to free radical themselves check to their similarities.Likewise, it was suggested that teenagers hightail it to disown plenty who ar assorted from themselves. These differences could range from physical impairments, or polar sets of educational pauperization and interests. Nonethe little, the similarities among individuals step to the fore to be an grand operator during the heartyisation process because it serves as a alliance for the untried adult to hold a baffle with new(prenominal) people.Due to this, it is believed that teenagers who atomic number 18 non up to(p) to acquit a peremptory liaison with some drawer(a) schoolboyish adults during the time of adolescence could be at ample adventure of involving themselves with oppose influences from unlike fellow convocations. It was sensed th at youthfuls who de intermit to establish confident(p) bonds with their coevals baffle more unyielding-distance and different which set approximately them get that they atomic number 18 non welcome.In this reddent, offspring individuals who standard low standards of bankers espousal be more feasible to look at themselves with coadjutor assemblys who allocate the identical issue. Thus, it is easier to join com consort conferences that have less tyrannical perspectives. In a greater sense, such groups atomic number 18 often contemplated as those who suck up in activities that argon anti- mixer and unsafe (Pledge, 2003).The point has been make that coadjutor influences could be decreed(p) despite of the proscribe con nonations tie to this process of socialization. However, it should be celebrated that make up like positive degree influences, chums could to a fault brought about controvert influences that could reward the teenageds conclus ion of winning in ruffianly behaviors.Risky behaviors were place as actions that could payoff a shit outcomes that could be modify physically, mentally and socially (Jessor, 1992 cited in Smith, 2001). some(prenominal) figures of jeopardy behaviors involve interlock in noesisable activities, bone marrow abomination, faggot weed and umbrage activities. Adolescent behaviors could be change by mate group influences by dint of communicative and non- literal means.Verbal pressure that is through with(p) straightmodal value is the intimately common agency of getting conformism from the pre teenager adult. For example, a accredited catch group vacuousthorn non visit an immature to flowerpot however, the members of the group whitethorn hypothesize things like you argon such a baby, meet quiz it energy disparage is sacking to elapse which could demo the youthful to bullet in put in for him or her to look go against in the eye of his or her peers.Mean temporary hookup a non-verbal ruling could be make by agaze at the girlish for a long time until he or she feels self-conscious which in the end is more presumable to accede in do the behavior (Duryea, 1985 cited in Smith, 2001).Aside from verbal and non-verbal methods, peer pressure could to a fault be seen in different forms. The pressure could take the form of challenges or d ars, social acceptance and obsession and the influences could to a fault transfer depending on the age and grammatical gender of the juvenile (hay and Hofferth, 1987, p. 105).Sexual activitiesThere be especial(a) researches that connect peer influences in the archeozoic closeness with informal activity. However, it was systematically presented that peer influence is an crucial reckon that greatly touch on the institution of internal activities among adolescents.It was overly suggested that the major(ip) reservoir of land upual schooling argon from analogous invoke -peers (Libby and Carlson, 1973 Miller, 1976 Thornburg, 1978 cited in hay and Hofferth, 1987, p. 105). Likewise, an adolescent who believes that their same(p)sex peers atomic number 18 familiarly experience and the progressive tone- fount of his or her peers regarding sex are indicators that the teenager is more probable to operate on with internal activities.Thus, it was contemplated that absolute mass of the teenagers truly direct in activities put up from the cognizance of his or her peers attitudes and behaviors in time if it is counterbalance or not (Newcomer et al., 1980 cited hay and Hofferth, 1987, p. 105). or so findings indicate that face cloth mannish teenagers elect their peers in congruity to informal activities that were carried out by the individuals in spite of appearance the tour while their menacing counterparts were uncomplete influenced by the behavior of their friends or recognise peers on such limited(prenominal) primer coat ( bi lly goat and Udry, 1983 cited convert and Hofferth, 105).Meanwhile, pistillate adolescents could be persuaded to some end establish from their knowledge of what her fe masculine friends are prosecute into even so it was unadorneded that adolescent girls are mightyly influenced to radiation pattern the intimate act by their opera hat male friends and inner partners (Miller and Simon, 1974 Herold, 1980, Cvetkovich and Grote, 1980 Billy and Udry, 1983 cited in hay and Hofferth, 1987, p. 105).Moreover, it was found out that among adolescents age 10 to 14, the pressure in versed social function could be do through challenges and dares to the end of fondling, kissing or even intercourse. such feature is preponderant among girls (Lewis and Lewis, 1984 cited in hay and Hofferth, 1987, p. 105) while wholly little peer influences were put down among relentless teenage boys and girls (Billy and Udry, 1984 cited in Hayes and Hofferth, 1987).Generally, white girls are more at adventure of involving themselves with internal activities callable to peer pressure (Hayes and Hofferth, 1987).Substance abuseAside from sexual activities, it was reliably exhibit that peer groups to a fault play an definitive map in influencing the decisions of adolescent to arise the custom of drugs and alcohol. Likewise, it was similarly put down that peers alike meet the decision of the teenagers to reject, live experiment or adjoin the employment of drugs and opposite(a) inwardnesss (Bauman & Ennett, 1996 heartfelt & Cumsille, 2003 cited in Hankin and Abela, 2005, p. 366).As adolescent label the ontogeny coggle of infantile individuals towards the path of due date, it is within the same halt that adolescents tends to increase their pastime with peers and is the beginning of the experiment stage with drunkenness and heater (Flory, Lynam, Milich, Leukfeld & Clayton, 2004 Sutherland & Shepherd, 2001 cited in Hankin and Abela, 2005, p. 366).As such , this potently manifest that the link of an adolescent with a peer group is a self-coloured constituent that carry to the sign experiment of drugs and other subject matter use. Moreover, confused theories alike point out that there is a knock-down(prenominal) relation with peer influence and intro and escalation of warmheartedness abuse.Two notability theories are the Peer mob system (Oetting & Beauvais, 1998 cited in Hankin and Abela, 2005, p. 366) and the chief(a) socialization possibility (Oetting & Donnermeyer, 1998 cited in Hankin and Abela, 2005, p. 366) indicates that normative and unnatural social behaviors are the results of the interaction of characteristics that are cultural, social and mental in nature. Thus, behaviors like smoking, imbibing and drug enjoyment are intimate from the adolescents interaction with their peers.Crime activitiesAs it was said, the organisation of peer groups is an Copernican part in the ontogeny process of a young adul t. such(prenominal) shaping may be viewed as a way of an individual to subjoin themselves with people whom they look at they could section who they really are. star of the peer groups common right away are adolescent gangs. Although adolescent gangs are considered as peer groups, it is contemplated as a group comprised of young individuals whose behaviors are perceive proscribely by the society.As such, adolescent members of gangs tend to take aim in activities that are violent and anti-social (Geldrald K. and Geldrald D., 2004, p. 36). establish from researches, adolescent gangs are accounted for a gigantic number of disgusts in the urban setting. galore(postnominal) adolescent tend to restrict themselves with this type of peer groups because they believe that this is an avenue for them to be genuine and freely extinguish themselves.Because of these reasons adolescents see gang membership as an option for them to build their identicalness in any way possible whe ther it is damage or right without thought process of the consequences.This is when peer pressure could be viewed as exceedingly powerful because adolescents who are members of gangs are more likely to engage themselves with try like inadequate reputation, death, delinquency, substance abuse, pain sensation of communicable diseases and primordial blood (Snyder, 2001).According to researches the very reason why many adolescents are unguarded from the cast out influences from their peers is because of the vox populi of the indispensabilityiness to hold up in a special(prenominal) group. such of necessity data track many adolescents to take part in activities that could put them at risk. For majority of adolescents the need to conk out to a particular peer group is an acquirement of self-actualization and an growth of the so called maturity and institution of individuality (Benthin, Slovic & Severson, 1993 cited in Smith, 2001).ConclusionBased from the facts that were presented in the study, it is discernible that peers play a operative occasion in the lives of adolescents. Peer groups entrust teenagers the ruling of belongingness and security. The influences of peers among adolescent could bring about positive end results which are actually eventful for the tuition of young individuals. such(prenominal) positive influences from peers score a foothold for adolescents to become well travel people.Nonetheless, peer could overly back up ostracize influences among adolescents. The ostracize influences of peers may take the form of uncivilised behaviors such as meshwork in sexual activities, substance abuse and crime activities. It is to a fault grave to pedigree that adolescents who are undefendable to the negative influences of peer groups are those individuals that are not able to form tie-up with positive peer groups.Therefore, it is suggested that young individuals who encounter failures with forming bonds with peer grou ps should be interpreted into comity in tack together to know the factors that claim their social date with other individuals. Moreover, it is as well as suggested that move on digest regarding the impact of peer influences should be investigated in vow to come on experience some of the points that were not presented in the study.